DIET RICH IN TOMATOES MAY LOWER BREAST CANCER RISK
A tomato-rich diet may help protect at-risk
postmenopausal women from breast cancer, according to new research accepted for
publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Breast
cancer risk rises in postmenopausal women as their body mass index climbs. The
study found eating a diet high in tomatoes had a positive effect on the level
of hormones that play a role in regulating fat and sugar metabolism.
"The
advantages of eating plenty of tomatoes and tomato-based products, even for a
short period, were clearly evident in our findings," said the study's
first author, Adana Llanos, PhD, MPH, who is an Assistant Professor of
Epidemiology at Rutgers University. Llanos completed the research while she was
a postdoctoral fellow with Electra Paskett, PhD, at The Ohio State University
Comprehensive Cancer Center -- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J.
Solove Research Institute. "Eating fruits and vegetables, which are rich
in essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals such as lycopene,
conveys significant benefits. Based on this data, we believe regular
consumption of at least the daily recommended servings of fruits and vegetables
would promote breast cancer prevention in an at-risk population."
The
longitudinal cross-over study examined the effects of both tomato-rich and
soy-rich diets in a group of 70 postmenopausal women. For 10 weeks, the women
ate tomato products containing at least 25 milligrams of lycopene daily. For a
separate 10-week period, the participants consumed at least 40 grams of soy
protein daily. Before each test period began, the women were instructed to
abstain from eating both tomato and soy products for two weeks.
When
they followed the tomato-rich diet, participants' levels of adiponectin -- a
hormone involved in regulating blood sugar and fat levels -- climbed 9 percent.
The effect was slightly stronger in women who had a lower body mass index.
"The
findings demonstrate the importance of obesity prevention," Llanos said.
"Consuming a diet rich in tomatoes had a larger impact on hormone levels
in women who maintained a healthy weight."
The
soy diet was linked to a reduction in participants' adiponectin levels.
Researchers originally theorized that a diet containing large amounts of soy
could be part of the reason that Asian women have lower rates of breast cancer
than women in the United States, but any beneficial effect may be limited to
certain ethnic groups, Llanos said.
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