MOTHERS OF KIDS WITH AUTISM TOOK LESS IRON
Mothers of children
with autism are significantly less likely to report taking iron supplements
before and during their pregnancies than the mothers of children who are
developing normally, a study by researchers with the UC Davis MIND Institute
has found
Low iron intake was
associated with a five-fold greater risk of autism in the child if the mother
was 35 or older at the time of the child's birth or if she suffered from
metabolic conditions such as obesity hypertension or diabetes.
The research is the
first to examine the relationship between maternal iron intake and having a
child with autism spectrum disorder, the authors said. The study,
"Maternal intake of supplemental iron and risk for autism spectrum
disorders," is published online in the American Journal of
Epidemiology.
"The association
between lower maternal iron intake and increased ASD risk was strongest during
breastfeeding, after adjustment for folic acid intake," said Rebecca J.
Schmidt, assistant professor in the Department of Public Health Sciences and a
researcher affiliated with the MIND Institute.
The authors of the
current study in 2011 were the first to report associations between
supplemental folic acid and reduced risk for autism spectrum disorder, a
finding later replicated in larger scale investigations.
"Further, the
risk associated with low maternal iron intake was much greater when the mother
was also older and had metabolic conditions during her pregnancy."
The study was
conducted in mother-child pairs enrolled in the Northern California-based
Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) Study between
2002 and 2009. The participants included mothers of children with autism and
346 mothers of children with typical development.
The researchers
examined maternal iron intake among the study's participants, including
vitamins, other nutritional supplements, and breakfast cereals during the three
months prior to through the end of the women's pregnancies and breastfeeding.
The mothers' daily iron intake was examined, including the frequency, dosages
and the brands of supplements that they consumed.
"Iron deficiency,
and its resultant anemia, is the most common nutrient deficiency, especially
during pregnancy, affecting 40 to 50 percent of women and their infants,"
Schmidt said. "Iron is crucial to early brain development, contributing to
neurotransmitter production, myelination and immune function. All three of
these pathways have been associated with autism."
"Iron deficiency
is pretty common, and even more common among women with metabolic conditions,"
Schmidt said. "However we want to be cautious and wait until this study
has been replicated.
"In the meantime
the takeaway message for women is do what your doctor recommends. Take vitamins
throughout pregnancy, and take the recommended daily dosage. If there are side
effects, talk to your doctor about how to address them."
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