AN APPLE A DAY COULD KEEP OBESITY AWAY
Scientists at
Washington State University have concluded that nondigestible compounds in
apples -- specifically, Granny Smith apples -- may help prevent disorders
associated with obesity. The study, thought to be the first to assess these
compounds in apple cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest, appears in
October's print edition of the journal Food Chemistry
We know that, in
general, apples are a good source of these nondigestible compounds but there
are differences in varieties," said food scientist Giuliana Noratto, the
study's lead researcher. "Results from this study will help consumers to
discriminate between apple varieties that can aid in the fight against
obesity."
The tart green Granny
Smith apples benefit the growth of friendly bacteria in the colon due to their
high content of non-digestible compounds, including dietary fiber and
polyphenols, and low content of available carbohydrates. Despite being
subjected to chewing, stomach acid and digestive enzymes, these compounds
remain intact when they reach the colon. Once there, they are fermented by
bacteria in the colon, which benefits the growth of friendly bacteria in the
gut.
The study showed that
Granny Smith apples surpass Braeburn, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, McIntosh
and Red Delicious in the amount of nondigestible compounds they contain.
"The
nondigestible compounds in the Granny Smith apples actually changed the
proportions of fecal bacteria from obese mice to be similar to that of lean
mice," Noratto said.
The discovery could
help prevent some of the disorders associated with obesity such as low-grade,
chronic inflammation that can lead to diabetes. The balance of bacterial
communities in the colon of obese people is disturbed. This results in
microbial byproducts that lead to inflammation and influence metabolic
disorders associated with obesity, Noratto said.
"What determines
the balance of bacteria in our colon is the food we consume," she said.
Re-establishing a
healthy balance of bacteria in the colon stabilizes metabolic processes that
influence inflammation and the sensation of feeling satisfied, or satiety, she
said.
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