NEW EEG ELECTRODE SET FOR FAST , EASY MEASUREMENT OF BRAIN FUNCTION ABNORMALITIES
A new, easy-to-use EEG
electrode set for the measurement of the electrical activity of the brain was
developed in a recent study completed at the University of Eastern Finland. The
solutions developed in the PhD study of Pasi Lepola, MSc, make it possible to
attach the electrode set on the patient quickly, resulting in reliable results
without any special treatment of the skin. As EEG measurements in emergency
care are often performed in challenging conditions, the design of the electrode
set pays particular attention to the reduction of electromagnetic interference
from external sources
EEG measurements can
be used to detect such abnormalities in the electrical activity of the brain
that require immediate treatment. These abnormalities are often indications of
severe brain damage, cerebral infarction, cerebral haemorrhage, poisoning, or
unspecified disturbed levels of consciousness. One of the most serious brain
function abnormalities is a prolonged epileptic seizure, status epilepticus,
which is impossible to diagnose without an EEG measurement. In many cases, a
rapidly performed EEG measurement and the start of a proper treatment
significantly reduces the need for aftercare and rehabilitation. This, in turn,
drastically improves the cost-effectiveness of the treatment chain.
Although the benefits
of EEG measurements are indisputable, they remain underused in acute and
emergency care. A significant reason for this is the fact that the electrode
sets available on the markets are difficult to attach on the patient, and their
use requires special skills and constant training. This new type of an
electrode set is expected to provide solutions for making EEG measurements
feasible at as an early stage as possible.
The EEG electrode set
was produced using screen printing technology, in which silver ink was used to
print the conductors and measurement electrodes on a flexible polyester film.
The EEG electrode set consists of 16 hydrogel-coated electrodes which, unlike
in the traditional method, are placed on the hair-free areas of the patient's
head, making it easy to attach. The new EEG electrode set significantly speeds
up the measurement process because there is no need to scrape the patient's
skin or to use any separate gels. As the electrode set is flexible and solid,
the electrodes get automatically placed in their correct places. Furthermore,
there is no need to move the patient's head when putting on the EEG electrode
set, which is especially important in patients possibly suffering from a neck
or skull injury. Due to the fact that the disposable electrode set is easy and
fast to use, it is particularly well-suited to be used in emergency care, in
ambulances and even in field conditions. Thanks to the materials used, the
electrode set does not interfere with any magnetic resonance or computed
tomography imaging the patient may undergo.
The performance of the
electrode set was tested by using various electrical tests, on several
volunteers, and in real patient cases. The results were compared to those
obtained by traditional EEG methods.
The PhD study also
focused on the use of screen printing technology solutions to protect
electrodes against electromagnetic interference. The silver or graphite
shielding layer printed to the outer edge of the electrode set was discovered
to significantly reduce external interference on the EEG signal. This shielding
layer can be easily and cost-efficiently introduced to all measurement
electrodes produced with similar methods. Protecting the electrode with a
shielding layer is beneficial when measuring weak signals in conditions that
contain external interference.
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