ACTIVE THYROID MAY RAISE RISK OF DEPRESSION IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS
When older
individuals' thyroid glands are more active than average, it may be a risk
factor for depression, according to new research accepted for publication in
the Endocrine Society's Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM)
Beyond its role in
regulating the body's metabolism, the thyroid gland also can influence mental
health. Past research has found links between an increased risk of depression
and both over- and underactive thyroid glands. This study is the first to find
an association between depression and thyroid activity variations within the
normal range.
To determine how
active the thyroid gland was, researchers measured levels of
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is the body's signal to the thyroid
gland to release more hormones. When TSH levels are low, this suggests the
thyroid gland is active and producing plenty of thyroid hormones. Researchers
also measured levels of the actual thyroid hormones at a later point in time
and confirmed these subjects had increased thyroid activity.
"We found that
older individuals with thyroid activity at the high end of the normal range had
a substantially increased risk of developing depression over the course of an
eight-year period compared to individuals who had less thyroid activity within
the normal range," said one of the study's authors, Marco Medici, MD, of
the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. "This suggests
that people with even minor changes in thyroid function may experience similar
mental health effects as those with overt thyroid disorders, including
hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism."
The population-based
cohort study analyzed data from a group of 1,503 people with an average age of
70. At the outset of the study, researchers measured participants' TSH levels
and gauged their depression symptoms using a questionnaire. Participants
included in the study displayed no depression symptoms at the first visit.
During follow-up visits over the course of eight years, on average, researchers
assessed participants for the development of depression symptoms.
The study divided
participants into three groups based on their TSH levels. Study participants
with TSH levels at the low end of the normal range -- signaling they had more
active thyroid glands -- were more likely to have depression symptoms emerge
during the course of the study.
"These results
provide insight into the powerful effects thyroid activity can have on emotions
and mental health," Medici said. "This information could influence
the process of diagnosing and treating depression, as well as treatments for
individuals with thyroid conditions."
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