NEEDLE FREE VACCINATION , SKIN CELLS HELP
Vaccination is an
effective method of stimulating the human body's immune system to fight against
various pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses). Worldwide vaccination needs safe,
easy-to-use and inexpensive tools for vaccine administration. The skin immune
system is a promising target as the skin lies directly in front of us. New
research published in the January 2015 issue of Experimental Dermatology introduces a new approach to
stimulate the skin immune response by applying needle-free vaccination.
"For
10 years, researchers at Charité-Berlin and UPMC-Paris have been working
together on how to use the skin immune system to develop a new, non-invasive
vaccination method," said Annika Vogt, a researcher involved in the work
from the Department of Dermatology & Allergy (Charité-Berlin, Germany) and
UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne Universités, (France). "In this study, we
show how a painless method helps such vaccines cross the skin. The method
'wakes up' skin immune cells so that they are ready to catch the vaccine and
generate an immune response."
To
make this discovery, Vogt and colleagues treated natural skin samples with a
novel method called cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping (CSSS). They then
applied to the skin surface 200 nm particles which reflect the size of viruses
and engineered particulate vaccines and used microscopy to compare the
penetration of the particles. They found that the CSS method enhanced the
penetration of the particles to the deeper skin layers, especially to the hair
follicles, and activated skin dendritic cells which are key players in the
orchestration of the skin immune system.
Results
of this novel approach, which should be further investigated in clinical
trials, strongly suggest that the combination of an adequate skin treatment
with a vaccine specifically designed to target skin immune cells could become a
powerful tool for mass vaccination. It is also envisaged that, combined with
conventional injections, such skin vaccination could help in generating
broader, more powerful responses and could bring a big step forward in the
fight against severe, chronic viral infections, e.g. HIV. "If we learn how
to better reach and communicate with skin immune cells from the outside, we
would be able to develop new tools for the treatment of allergies, inflammatory
skin diseases or skin cancer." concluded Annika Vogt.
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