ZINC TEST COULD HELP DIAGNOSE BREAST CANCER EARLY
A team, led by Oxford
University scientists, took techniques normally used to analyse trace metal
isotopes for studying climate change and planetary formation and applied them
to how the human body processes metals
In a world-first the
researchers were able to show that changes in the isotopic composition of zinc,
which can be detected in a person's breast tissue, could make it possible to
identify a 'biomarker' (a measurable indicator) of early breast cancer.
A report of the
research by the Oxford University-led team, which included researchers from
Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, London, is published in
the Royal Society of Chemistry journalMetallomics.
The pilot study
analysed zinc in the blood and blood serum of ten subjects (five breast cancer
patients and five healthy controls) alongside a range of breast tissue samples
from breast cancer patients. By using techniques that are over 100 times more
sensitive to changes in the isotopic composition of metals than anything
currently used by clinicians, the researchers were able to show that they could
detect key differences in zinc caused when cancer subtly alters the way that
cells process the metal. Similar changes in copper in one of the breast cancer
patients is additional evidence that it may be possible to identify a biomarker
for early breast cancer that could form the basis of a simple, non-invasive,
diagnostic blood test.
'It has been known for
over a decade that breast cancer tissues contain high concentrations of zinc
but the exact molecular mechanisms that might cause this have remained a
mystery,' said Dr Fiona Larner of Oxford University's Department of Earth
Sciences, who led the research. 'Our work shows that techniques commonly used
in earth sciences can help us to understand not only how zinc is used by tumour
cells but also how breast cancer can lead to changes in zinc in an individual's
blood -- holding out the promise of an easily-detectable biomarker of early
breast cancer.'
The researchers say
that this new understanding of cancer cell behaviour -- in particular the role
sulfur-containing proteins play in how tumours process zinc -- could also help
in the development of new cancer treatments.
'The hope is that this
research is the beginning of a whole new approach,' said Dr Larner.
'Understanding how different cancers alter different trace metals within the
body could enable us to develop both new diagnostic tools and new treatments
that could lead to a 'two-pronged' attack on many cancers. Further research is
already underway to see what changes in other metals may be caused by other
cancers.'
A report of the
research, entitled 'Zinc isotopic compositions of breast cancer tissue', is
published in the journal Metallomics.
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