BIO INSPIRED NANO COCOONS OFFER TARGETTED DRUG DELIVERY AGAINST CANCER CELLS
Biomedical engineering
researchers have developed a drug delivery system consisting of nanoscale
“cocoons” made of DNA that target cancer cells and trick the cells into
absorbing the cocoon before unleashing anticancer drugs. The work was done by
researchers at North Carolina State University and the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill.
This drug delivery
system is DNA-based, which means it is biocompatible and less toxic to patients
than systems that use synthetic materials,” says Dr. Zhen Gu, senior author of
a paper on the work and an assistant professor in the joint biomedical
engineering program at NC State and UNC Chapel Hill.
“This technique also
specifically targets cancer cells, can carry a large drug load and releases the
drugs very quickly once inside the cancer cell,” Gu says.
“In addition, because
we used self-assembling DNA techniques, it is relatively easy to manufacture,”
says Wujin Sun, lead author of the paper and a Ph.D. student in Gu’s lab.
Each nano-cocoon is
made of a single strand of DNA that self-assembles into what looks like a
cocoon, or ball of yarn, that measures 150 nanometers across.
The core of the
nano-cocoon contains the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and a protein called
DNase. The DNase, an enzyme that would normally cut up the DNA cocoon, is
coated in a thin polymer that traps the DNase like a sword in a sheath.
The surface of the
nano-cocoon is studded with folic acid ligands. When the nano-cocoon encounters
a cancer cell, the ligands bind the nano-cocoon to receptors on the surface of
the cell – causing the cell to suck in the nano-cocoon.
Once inside the cancer
cell, the cell’s acidic environment destroys the polymer sheath containing the
DNase. Freed from its sheath, the DNase rapidly slices through the DNA cocoon,
spilling DOX into the cancer cell and killing it.
“We’re preparing to
launch preclinical testing now,” Gu says. “We’re very excited about this system
and think it holds promise for delivering a variety of drugs targeting cancer
and other diseases.”
The paper, “ Cocoon
like self degradable DNA-Nanoclew for Anticancer drug delivery was published
online Oct. 13 in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Co-authors include Yue Lu, a Ph.D. student in Gu’s lab; Margaret Reiff, an
undergraduate student in the joint biomedical engineering department; Tianyue
Jiang, a Ph.D. student in the joint biomedical engineering department and at
the China Pharmaceutical University; and Dr. Ran Mo, a former postdoctoral
researcher in the joint biomedical engineering department now at the China
Pharmaceutical University.
This research was
supported by the North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute
under grant number 1UL1TR001111 and with funding from NC State and UNC Chapel
Hill.
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